Drone is the most commonly used term to refer to any unmanned aerial vehicle. From a technical stand point , a drone can be referred to as vehicle that can travel autonomously. In many ways , a "drone" is a term that can be used as a non-technical catch-all for both UAV and UAS. The term can be used to refer to both fixed-wing and multicopter models. Over the past few years, drones have become central to the functions of several businesses, drones are proving to be extremely beneficial in places where certain industries are lagging behind, from quick deliveries. Drones technology is constantly evolving , so the future drone technology is also undergoing ground breaking progressive improvement.
An Unmanned Aeriel Vehicle (UAV) narrows down the definition of a drone only to aircraft that can fly autonomously or remotely. It is also important to note that not all drones are UAVs but all UAVs are drones. UAV is refered to only the aircraft itself and none of the accesories and equipment that makes it work.
An Unmanned Ariel System (UAS) is the totality of everything that makes a UAV work including the GPS module, ground control module ,transmission systems, camera, all the software , and the person on the ground controlling the drone.
Standard Prop Tractor propeller are the props at the front of the quadcopter. These props pull the quadcopter through the air like a tractor. Most droone propeller are made of carbon fibre . Good prop design will assist in a smoother flying experience and longer flying times. For safety , you can also add drone prop guards which is important when flying indoors or near people.
Pusher Prop pusher prop are usually at the back ,it push the UAV forward hence the name "Pusher Prop" The contra-rotating props exactly cancel out motor torques during stationary level flight .It can be made of plastic with the better pusher props made from fiber.
Brushless Motors
All the latest drones use a brushless electric "Out-runner " type which is more efficient,
more reliable and quieter than a brushed motor. More efficient motor save battery life and give
the owner more flying time. N:B; Frequently examine the motor , ensure they are clean and free
from dust. Get to know how your drone sound , listen to it, most of the sound comes from motor.
Also, examine your drone.
Landing Gear
Drones need high ground clearance and may adopt helicopter style skids mounted directly to the
body , while other drones which have no hanging payload may omit landing gear altogether. most
drone have a fix landing gear , the best drones will have a retractable landing gear giving a
full 360 degree view when in the air.
Electronic Speed Controller.
Electronic speed controller or ESC is an electronic circuit with the purpose to vary an electic
motor's speed, it's direction and possibibly to act as a dynamic brake. It convert DC battery
power into 3-phase AC for driving brushless motors.
Flight controller It interprets input from the receiver ,GPS modules,battery monitor ,IMU and other onboard sensors. It regulate more speed ,via ESCs to provide stering , as well as triggering cameras or other payloads.It controls autopilot , waypoint.
GPS Modules The GPS modules combines with GPS receiver and magnetometer to provide latitude, longitude elevation and compass heading from a single device. GPS means global positioning system. It provide in-flight power level monitoring to flight controller .Your battery is critical to flying safely. If you fly too far out and your quqdcopter runs out of battery then it will either make an emergency landing or will crash.
Battery Drones are battery operated but few are powered with petrol. The battery of used in drones is Lithium battery , it comes in 2 categories ; Lithium Polymer(LiPO) and Lithium Polymer high voltage (LiHV). The primary differnce between the two is that LIPO cell has a fully charged voltage of 4.2V compared to a LiHV which has a voltage of 4.35V.
Drone Gimbal It is the pivoting mount, which rotates about the x,y and z axis to provide stablization and pointing of cameras or other sensors. The gimbal is very important in taking great photos and video shot.